The Oropouche virus is mainly transmitted by biting midges. Mosquitoes may also be vectors. Discovered in 1955, it is responsible for Oropouche fever. Initially, the disease was endemic to Central America and the Caribbean. However, it spread to other areas in 2023. In 2024, several regions were identified with local transmission, including Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Cuba and the Dominican Republic. The number of cases reported in these regions continues to rise, according to the WHO. The situation is becoming worrying, especially as deaths were reported in 2024.
How is the Oropouche virus transmitted?
The Oropouche virus is transmitted by the bite of certain arthropods. Mosquitoes are generally more active at night, while midges are more active in the afternoon.
In the past, no research had confirmed that the virus could be transmitted between humans. However, it could be transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy. Several cases reported in Brazil in 2024 led to this conclusion. Research is continuing today to find out more.
What are the symptoms of Oropouche fever?
Oropouche fever causes the following symptoms 3 to 8 days after the bite:
- Fever
- Headaches
- Sudden sensitivity to light
- Muscle aches
- Joint pain
- Eruptions
- Nausea and vomiting
- Pain behind the eyes
- Thrills and chills
Symptoms generally last 2 to 7 days, and may recur a few days or weeks later, leading to serious illnesses such as meningitis, encephalitis or haemorrhaging.
These symptoms usually disappear on their own within a few days or weeks.
Is there any treatment for Oropouche fever?
There is no specific treatment for Oropouche fever. Doctors can simply prescribe medication to relieve symptoms.
What about prevention?
For the moment, there is no vaccine against Oropouche fever. However, this should not be long in coming, given the spread of the disease. In the meantime, we recommend individual protection to avoid contracting the infection. Here’s our advice:
- Use repellents based on icaridin, DEET or IR3535 to ward off vectors (information collected on the WHO website).
- Wear protective clothing
- Opt for fine-mesh screens. Biting midges are tiny and able to pass through medium mesh.
Oropouche fever is one of the most common illnesses in Central America. It is generally harmless and self-limiting within a few days. However, it can lead to serious complications in vulnerable people or those at greater risk, such as pregnant women. We therefore advise you to take the necessary protective measures before flying to high-risk regions.
We offer a pre-travel consultation during which :
- Assessing the health risks associated with your itinerary
- Personalized pre-trip advice
- Vaccine recommendations
- Prescription of pre-trip treatments, if required
Following this consultation, Clinique Priveo Santé can advise you on other vaccines recommended for your trip and offer pre-travel vaccination services.
