The Oropouche virus is mainly transmitted by biting midges. Mosquitoes may also be the vectors. Discovered in 1955, it is responsible for Oropouche fever. Initially, this disease was endemic in Central America and the Caribbean. However, it spread to other areas in 2023. In 2024, several regions were recorded with cases of local transmission, including Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Cuba and the Dominican Republic. The number of cases reported in these regions continues to increase according to the WHO. The situation is becoming worrying, especially since deaths have been recorded in 2024.
How is the Oropouche virus transmitted?
The Oropouche virus is transmitted by the bite of certain arthropods. Mosquitoes are generally more active at night, while midges are more active in the afternoon.
Previously, no research had confirmed the possible transmission of the virus between humans. However, it could be transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy. Several cases recorded in Brazil in 2024 led to this conclusion. Research continues today to find out more.
What are the symptoms of Oropouche fever?
Oropouche fever causes the following symptoms 3 to 8 days after the bite:
- Fever
- Headache
- Sudden sensitivity to light
- Muscle aches
- Joint pain
- Rash
- Nausea and vomiting
- Pain behind the eyes
- Chills
Symptoms usually last 2 to 7 days and can reappear a few days or weeks later and lead to serious illnesses such as meningitis, encephalitis or hemorrhages.
These symptoms usually disappear on their own within a few days or weeks.
Is there any treatment for Oropouche fever?
There is no specific treatment for Oropouche fever. Doctors can simply prescribe medication to relieve the symptoms.
What about prevention?
For now, there is no vaccine against Oropouche fever. However, this should not be long, given the spread of the disease. In the meantime, we recommend personal protection to avoid contracting the infection. Here are our tips:
- Use repellents based on icaridin, DEET or IR3535 to keep vectors away (information gathered from the WHO website)
- Wear protective clothing
- Opt for fine-mesh mosquito nets. Biting midges are tiny and can pass through medium mesh
In summary
Oropouche fever is one of the most common diseases in Central America. It is generally not serious and resolves on its own within a few days. However, it can lead to serious complications in vulnerable or more at-risk people such as pregnant women. We therefore advise you to take the necessary protective measures before flying to high-risk regions.
We offer a pre-travel consultation during which:
- Assessment of the health risks associated with your itinerary
- Personalized pre-travel advice
- Recommendation of necessary vaccines
- Prescription of pre-travel treatments, if necessary
Following this consultation, the Travel Health Group can advise you on the other vaccines recommended for your trip and offer pre-travel vaccination services. Contact us.